13 common machining materials (metals)

13 common machining materials (metals)

1. No. 45 steel

The most commonly used medium-carbon quenched and tempered steel is a kind of steel. The number "45" represents that the average carbon content of the steel is 0.45%, the comprehensive mechanical properties are good, the hardenability is low, and cracks are easy to occur during water quenching. Small parts should be quenched and tempered, and large parts should be normalized.

 

2. Q235A

The most commonly used carbon structural steel, also known as A3 steel. It has high plasticity, toughness, welding performance, cold stamping performance, certain strength and good cold bending performance. The quality grades are divided into four grades: A, B, C, and D, and the quality grade of Q235A steel is A grade.

 

3. 40Cr

One of the most widely used steel types is alloy structural steel. After quenching and tempering treatment, it has good comprehensive mechanical properties, low temperature impact toughness and low notch sensitivity, good hardenability, high fatigue strength can be obtained when oil cooling, and complex shape parts are prone to cracks when water cooling. The cold-bending plasticity is medium, and the machinability is good after tempering or tempering, but the weldability is not good, and cracks are easy to occur. It should be preheated to 100-150°C before welding. It is generally used in the quenched and tempered state, and carbon nitrogen can also be used. Co-infiltration and high-frequency surface quenching treatment.

 

 

4. HT150 gray cast iron, the letter "HT" is the initial letter of "gray iron", the tensile strength is 150MPa, medium strength cast iron, has good casting process performance, often used in cabinets, machine bed and other parts.

 

5. No. 35 steel

A kind of steel, a common material for various standard parts and fasteners, the number "35" represents the average carbon content of the steel is 0.35%. Appropriate strength, good plasticity, high cold plasticity, acceptable weldability. It can be partially upset and drawn in cold state. Low hardenability, use after normalizing or tempering

 

6. 65Mn

A kind of spring steel, various flat and round springs, cushion springs, spring springs in small sizes, and can also be used to make spring rings, valve springs, clutch reeds, brake springs, cold-rolled coil springs, circlips, etc.

 

7. 0Cr18Ni9

One of the most commonly used stainless steel, as the most widely used stainless heat-resistant steel, such as food equipment, general chemical equipment, atomic energy industry equipment, and 1Cr18Ni9, 3Cr18Ni9 and other commonly used stainless steel materials.

 

 

8. Cr12

Commonly used cold work die steel, Cr12 steel is a widely used cold work die steel, which belongs to high carbon and high chromium ledeburite steel. The steel has good hardenability and good wear resistance; since the carbon content of Cr12 steel is as high as 2.3%, the impact toughness is poor, it is easy to be brittle, and it is easy to form uneven eutectic carbides;

 

9. 3Cr13

It belongs to the type of martensitic stainless steel and has good processing performance. The number "3" means that the average carbon content in the material is 0.30%. It has excellent corrosion resistance, polishing performance, high strength and wear resistance, and is suitable for manufacturing plastic molds that withstand high loads, high wear resistance and are under the action of corrosive media. The 3Cr13 material with a hardness below HRC30 after quenching and tempering treatment has better processability and can easily achieve better surface quality.

 

10. YG6X

A type of cemented carbide, commonly used in the manufacture of cemented carbide tools. Cemented carbide is an alloy material made of hard compounds of refractory metals and bonding metals through powder metallurgy.

Cemented carbide has a series of excellent properties such as high hardness, wear resistance, good strength and toughness, heat resistance, and corrosion resistance. It is known as "industrial teeth", especially its high hardness and wear resistance, even at 500 ° C It also remains basically unchanged at a certain temperature, and it still has a high hardness at 1000 °C.

 

11, T10, T12

T10 is the most common carbon tool steel with an average carbon content of 1.0%, moderate toughness and low production cost. After heat treatment, the hardness can reach above 60HRC. However, this steel has low hardenability and poor heat resistance. (250°C), it is not easy to overheat during quenching and heating, and still maintains fine grains. The toughness is acceptable, the strength and wear resistance are higher than T7-T9, but the thermal hardness is low, the hardenability is still not high, and the quenching deformation is large.

T12 is also a kind of carbon tool steel, with an average carbon content of 1.2%, and there are more excess carbides after quenching. According to wear resistance and hardness, it is suitable for making cutting edges that are not subject to impact loads, low cutting speed, and cutting edges. non-heating tool

 

12. LY12

A kind of aluminum alloy, LY12 is the old grade, and the new grade is 2A12, which is a high-strength duralumin that can be strengthened by heat treatment. The machinability of the alloy is still good after quenching and cold hardening, and the machinability is low after annealing. ; The corrosion resistance is not high, and anodic oxidation treatment and painting methods are often used or the surface is coated with aluminum to improve its corrosion resistance. The aviation product series have all passed the ultrasonic flaw detection process inspection of aluminum alloy products for aerospace, without sand holes, cracks, air bubbles and impurities.

 

13. 6061, 6063 aluminum alloy

Light non-ferrous metals refer to non-ferrous metal materials with a density less than 4.5g/cm³, including pure metals such as aluminum, magnesium, sodium, potassium, calcium, strontium, barium and their alloys. The common features of these metals are: low density (0.53-4.5g/cm³), high chemical activity, and stable compounds with oxygen, sulfur, carbon and halogens. Among them, aluminum and aluminum alloy are the most widely used in industry, and its output has exceeded 1/3 of the total output of non-ferrous metal materials at present.

The main alloy elements in the 6000 series aluminum alloy represented by 6061 aluminum are magnesium and silicon, which have medium strength, good corrosion resistance, weldability, and good oxidation effect.